1. Skim the Entire Article
- Read the abstract
- Read the first and last sentences of each paragraph.
- Watch out for “signposts” (e.g., “This study…,” “I will argue…,” “Results demonstrated…,” “Future research…”)
- Focus on specific sections (e.g., Introduction, Discussion)
- Look for the following specifics:
- What is the title?
- Who are the authors and what are their credentials?
- Are there research questions? What are they?
- How was the study conducted (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, # participants)?
- What are the findings?
- What is the author’s thesis?
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2. Read In-Depth
- Highlight or underline key terms, ideas, theories, names
- Define or identify any terms that are unknown
- Write any questions or comments that you have in the margins
- Mark any confusing sections to reread later
- Understand how the findings are being interpreted (e.g., what does the author see as the implications)
- Analyze the article, considering:
- Evidence
- Assumptions
- Sources used (relevant? credible? current?)
- Author bias
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3. Respond
- Summarize the article in your own words, addressing all main points
- Respond by agreeing or disagreeing, interpreting, or analyzing the text
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Adapted by Nancy Falciani-White from “Appendix: Detailed Description of the Four-Step Approach (pdf),” accessed from http://gsi.berkeley.edu/media/vallee-appendix.pdf on 30 January 2015.
Image credit: "Reading" (CC BY 2.0) by Wiertz Sébastien